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U.S. Supreme Court

The nine justices who decide the country's highest-level legal cases. Justices don't vote on bills, so this page shows how they vote in cases: how often they are in the majority, how often each pair agrees, and a left–right estimate based on those votes.

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John G. Roberts, Jr.
John G. Roberts, Jr.
Chief Justice
George W. Bush
Took seat Sep 29, 2005
+0.33 MQ (2024)
Clarence Thomas
Clarence Thomas
Associate Justice
George H.W. Bush
Took seat Oct 23, 1991
+3.07 MQ (2024)
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
Associate Justice
George W. Bush
Took seat Jan 31, 2006
+2.50 MQ (2024)
Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Sotomayor
Associate Justice
Barack Obama
Took seat Aug 8, 2009
-4.19 MQ (2024)
Elena Kagan
Elena Kagan
Associate Justice
Barack Obama
Took seat Aug 7, 2010
-1.84 MQ (2024)
Neil M. Gorsuch
Neil M. Gorsuch
Associate Justice
Donald J. Trump
Took seat Apr 10, 2017
+1.08 MQ (2024)
Brett M. Kavanaugh
Brett M. Kavanaugh
Associate Justice
Donald J. Trump
Took seat Oct 6, 2018
+0.55 MQ (2024)
Amy Coney Barrett
Amy Coney Barrett
Associate Justice
Donald J. Trump
Took seat Oct 27, 2020
+0.52 MQ (2024)
Ketanji Brown Jackson
Ketanji Brown Jackson
Associate Justice
Joseph R. Biden
Took seat Jun 30, 2022
-2.81 MQ (2024)

Justices at a glance

JusticeAppointed byTook seatSenate confirmationMQ score (2024)In majority (October Term 2025)Dissented (2025)
John G. Roberts, Jr.
Chief Justice
R George W. BushSep 29, 2005Confirmed 78–22 on Sep 29, 2005 (Senate roll call #245, 109th Congress)+0.3395%
66 cases
5%
Clarence Thomas
Associate Justice
R George H.W. BushOct 23, 1991Confirmed 52–48 on Oct 15, 1991 (Senate roll call #220, 102nd Congress)+3.0783%
66 cases
17%
Samuel A. Alito, Jr.
Associate Justice
R George W. BushJan 31, 2006Confirmed 58–42 on Jan 31, 2006 (Senate roll call #368, 109th Congress)+2.5083%
65 cases
17%
Sonia Sotomayor
Associate Justice
D Barack ObamaAug 8, 2009Confirmed 68–31 on Aug 6, 2009 (Senate roll call #262, 111th Congress)-4.1973%
66 cases
27%
Elena Kagan
Associate Justice
D Barack ObamaAug 7, 2010Confirmed 63–37 on Aug 5, 2010 (Senate roll call #626, 111th Congress)-1.8473%
66 cases
27%
Neil M. Gorsuch
Associate Justice
R Donald J. TrumpApr 10, 2017Confirmed 54–45 on Apr 7, 2017 (Senate roll call #111, 115th Congress)+1.0886%
66 cases
14%
Brett M. Kavanaugh
Associate Justice
R Donald J. TrumpOct 6, 2018Confirmed 50–48 on Oct 6, 2018 (Senate roll call #548, 115th Congress)+0.5595%
66 cases
5%
Amy Coney Barrett
Associate Justice
R Donald J. TrumpOct 27, 2020Confirmed 52–48 on Oct 26, 2020 (Senate roll call #652, 116th Congress)+0.5292%
66 cases
8%
Ketanji Brown Jackson
Associate Justice
D Joseph R. BidenJun 30, 2022Confirmed 53–47 on Apr 7, 2022 (Senate roll call #662, 117th Congress)-2.8167%
66 cases
33%

Majority/dissent: share of the cases a justice took part in where they voted with the majority or dissented (concurrences count as majority). “Took seat” from supremecourt.gov; appointing president and party from the Federal Judicial Center; Senate votes from Voteview.

Left–right over time (Martin-Quinn scores)

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Each line is one justice; each dot is their Martin-Quinn score for one term (one row per term, newest at the bottom). Left of the dashed line = more liberal, right = more conservative, like the rest of this site. The score comes from how justices vote together in cases. It is a different scale from the −1 to +1 Congress score: it usually runs from about −4 to +4 and can't be compared with lawmakers' scores. Latest term with scores: 2024.

19911995200020052010201520202024-5-4-3-2-10+1+2+3+4+5John G. Roberts, Jr., 2005 term: +1.39John G. Roberts, Jr., 2006 term: +1.43John G. Roberts, Jr., 2007 term: +1.41John G. Roberts, Jr., 2008 term: +1.50John G. Roberts, Jr., 2009 term: +1.40John G. Roberts, Jr., 2010 term: +1.40John G. Roberts, Jr., 2011 term: +1.20John G. Roberts, Jr., 2012 term: +1.11John G. Roberts, Jr., 2013 term: +0.80John G. Roberts, Jr., 2014 term: +0.59John G. Roberts, Jr., 2015 term: +0.33John G. Roberts, Jr., 2016 term: +0.35John G. Roberts, Jr., 2017 term: +0.40John G. Roberts, Jr., 2018 term: +0.41John G. Roberts, Jr., 2019 term: +0.34John G. Roberts, Jr., 2020 term: +0.52John G. Roberts, Jr., 2021 term: +0.55John G. Roberts, Jr., 2022 term: +0.42John G. Roberts, Jr., 2023 term: +0.43John G. Roberts, Jr., 2024 term: +0.33RobertsClarence Thomas, 1991 term: +2.74Clarence Thomas, 1992 term: +3.04Clarence Thomas, 1993 term: +3.41Clarence Thomas, 1994 term: +3.63Clarence Thomas, 1995 term: +3.73Clarence Thomas, 1996 term: +3.80Clarence Thomas, 1997 term: +3.79Clarence Thomas, 1998 term: +3.81Clarence Thomas, 1999 term: +3.76Clarence Thomas, 2000 term: +3.78Clarence Thomas, 2001 term: +3.73Clarence Thomas, 2002 term: +3.87Clarence Thomas, 2003 term: +3.89Clarence Thomas, 2004 term: +3.93Clarence Thomas, 2005 term: +3.96Clarence Thomas, 2006 term: +3.92Clarence Thomas, 2007 term: +3.77Clarence Thomas, 2008 term: +3.51Clarence Thomas, 2009 term: +3.38Clarence Thomas, 2010 term: +3.21Clarence Thomas, 2011 term: +3.17Clarence Thomas, 2012 term: +3.12Clarence Thomas, 2013 term: +3.15Clarence Thomas, 2014 term: +3.15Clarence Thomas, 2015 term: +3.17Clarence Thomas, 2016 term: +3.18Clarence Thomas, 2017 term: +3.08Clarence Thomas, 2018 term: +3.11Clarence Thomas, 2019 term: +3.06Clarence Thomas, 2020 term: +2.87Clarence Thomas, 2021 term: +2.94Clarence Thomas, 2022 term: +2.95Clarence Thomas, 2023 term: +3.07Clarence Thomas, 2024 term: +3.07ThomasSamuel A. Alito, Jr., 2005 term: +1.42Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2006 term: +1.46Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2007 term: +1.55Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2008 term: +1.81Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2009 term: +1.85Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2010 term: +1.99Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2011 term: +2.00Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2012 term: +1.99Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2013 term: +1.93Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2014 term: +1.75Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2015 term: +1.66Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2016 term: +1.87Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2017 term: +2.09Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2018 term: +2.06Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2019 term: +2.30Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2020 term: +2.40Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2021 term: +2.44Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2022 term: +2.49Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2023 term: +2.49Samuel A. Alito, Jr., 2024 term: +2.50AlitoSonia Sotomayor, 2009 term: -1.63Sonia Sotomayor, 2010 term: -1.71Sonia Sotomayor, 2011 term: -1.90Sonia Sotomayor, 2012 term: -2.36Sonia Sotomayor, 2013 term: -2.69Sonia Sotomayor, 2014 term: -3.01Sonia Sotomayor, 2015 term: -3.27Sonia Sotomayor, 2016 term: -3.48Sonia Sotomayor, 2017 term: -3.73Sonia Sotomayor, 2018 term: -3.85Sonia Sotomayor, 2019 term: -3.97Sonia Sotomayor, 2020 term: -4.08Sonia Sotomayor, 2021 term: -4.15Sonia Sotomayor, 2022 term: -4.14Sonia Sotomayor, 2023 term: -4.17Sonia Sotomayor, 2024 term: -4.19SotomayorElena Kagan, 2010 term: -1.44Elena Kagan, 2011 term: -1.43Elena Kagan, 2012 term: -1.68Elena Kagan, 2013 term: -1.64Elena Kagan, 2014 term: -1.69Elena Kagan, 2015 term: -1.58Elena Kagan, 2016 term: -1.63Elena Kagan, 2017 term: -1.68Elena Kagan, 2018 term: -1.70Elena Kagan, 2019 term: -1.80Elena Kagan, 2020 term: -1.88Elena Kagan, 2021 term: -2.00Elena Kagan, 2022 term: -2.07Elena Kagan, 2023 term: -2.06Elena Kagan, 2024 term: -1.84KaganNeil M. Gorsuch, 2016 term: +1.13Neil M. Gorsuch, 2017 term: +1.06Neil M. Gorsuch, 2018 term: +0.97Neil M. Gorsuch, 2019 term: +0.92Neil M. Gorsuch, 2020 term: +1.07Neil M. Gorsuch, 2021 term: +1.00Neil M. Gorsuch, 2022 term: +1.06Neil M. Gorsuch, 2023 term: +1.09Neil M. Gorsuch, 2024 term: +1.08GorsuchBrett M. Kavanaugh, 2018 term: +0.60Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2019 term: +0.56Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2020 term: +0.57Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2021 term: +0.63Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2022 term: +0.47Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2023 term: +0.51Brett M. Kavanaugh, 2024 term: +0.55KavanaughAmy Coney Barrett, 2020 term: +0.96Amy Coney Barrett, 2021 term: +1.00Amy Coney Barrett, 2022 term: +0.74Amy Coney Barrett, 2023 term: +0.60Amy Coney Barrett, 2024 term: +0.52BarrettKetanji Brown Jackson, 2022 term: -2.44Ketanji Brown Jackson, 2023 term: -2.62Ketanji Brown Jackson, 2024 term: -2.81Jackson← More liberalMore conservative →

Blue lines: justices appointed by Democratic presidents; red: by Republican presidents. Hover a dot for the exact score. Scores for the 2025 term are not published yet if not shown.

How often each pair of justices agrees

Each number is the percent of cases where the two justices landed on the same side (both in the majority or both dissenting), counting 246 cases from the 2022–2025 terms, when all nine current justices served together. Justices are sorted from most liberal (top left) to most conservative by their latest MQ score.

SotomayorJacksonKaganRobertsBarrettKavanaughGorsuchAlitoThomas
Sotomayor—9394737272635758
Jackson93—89706870625755
Kagan9489—767474655960
Roberts737076—8994798178
Barrett72687489—90808384
Kavanaugh7270749490—778480
Gorsuch636265798077—8382
Alito57575981838483—91
Thomas5855607884808291—

Recent decisions (latest 60 of 2846 cases since 1991)

No decisions have been released yet in October Term 2026 (per Oyez, as of this build). The list below starts with the latest completed term.

DecidedCaseVote splitMajority opinion by
2026-06-30NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION
· Docket 24-621
6–3Kavanaugh
2026-06-30TRUMP v. BARBARA
· Docket 25-365
6–3Roberts
2026-06-30WEST VIRGINIA v. B.P.J.
· Docket 24-43
6–3Kavanaugh
2026-06-29CHATRIE v. UNITED STATES
· Docket 25-112
6–3Kagan
2026-06-29TRUMP v. COOK
· Docket 25A312
5–4Roberts
2026-06-29TRUMP v. SLAUGHTER
· Docket 25-332
6–3Roberts
2026-06-29WATSON v. REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
· Docket 24-1260
5–4Barrett
2026-06-25MONSANTO COMPANY v. DURNELL
· Docket 24-1068
7–2Kavanaugh
2026-06-25MULLIN v. AL OTRO LADO
· Docket 25-5
6–3Alito
2026-06-25MULLIN v. DOE
· Docket 25-1083
6–3Alito
2026-06-25WOLFORD v. LOPEZ
· Docket 24-1046
6–3Alito
2026-06-23BLANCHE v. LAU
· Docket 25-429
6–3Thomas
2026-06-23CISCO SYSTEMS v. DOE
· Docket 24-856
6–3Barrett
2026-06-23EXXON MOBIL CORP. v. CORPORACION CIMEX, S.A.
· Docket 24-699
6–3Kavanaugh
2026-06-23LANDOR v. LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND PUBLIC SAFETY
· Docket 23-1197
6–3Gorsuch
2026-06-23PUNG v. ISABELLA COUNTY, MICHIGAN
· Docket 25-95
9–0Alito
2026-06-22MCCARTHY v. HERNANDEZ
· Docket 25-748
6–3Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-06-18HUNTER v. UNITED STATES
· Docket 24-1063
8–1Kagan
2026-06-18T. M. v. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MEDICAL SYSTEM CORP.
· Docket 25-197
5–4Sotomayor
2026-06-18UNITED STATES v. HEMANI
· Docket 24-1234
9–0Gorsuch
2026-06-11ABOUAMMO v. UNITED STATES
· Docket 25-5146
9–0Kagan
2026-06-11FS CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES CORP. v. SABA CAPITAL MASTER FUND, LTD.
· Docket 24-345
6–3Barrett
2026-06-11KEATHLEY v. BUDDY AYERS CONSTRUCTION
· Docket 25-6
9–0Jackson
2026-06-04FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION v. AT&T
· Docket 25-406
8–1Roberts
2026-06-04HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS USA INC. v. AMARIN PHARMA
· Docket 24-889
9–0Jackson
2026-06-04SRIPETCH v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
· Docket 25-466
9–0Gorsuch
2026-06-01WHITTON v. DIXON
· Docket 25-580
7–2Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-05-28FERNANDEZ v. UNITED STATES
· Docket 24-556
8–1Barrett
2026-05-28FLOWER FOODS v. BROCK
· Docket 24-935
9–0Gorsuch
2026-05-28PITCHFORD v. CAIN
· Docket 24-7351
5–4Kavanaugh
2026-05-28RUTHERFORD v. UNITED STATES
· Docket 24-820
6–3Barrett
2026-05-26MARGOLIN v. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF IMMIGRATION JUDGES
· Docket 25-767
9–0Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-05-21HAMM v. SMITH
· Docket 24-872
5–4Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-05-21HAVANA DOCKS CORPORATION v. ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES, LTD.
· Docket 24-983
8–1Thomas
2026-05-21M & K EMPLOYEE SOLUTIONS, LLC v. TRUSTEES OF THE IAM NATIONAL PENSION FUND
· Docket 23-1209
9–0Jackson
2026-05-14JULES v. ANDRE BALAZS PROPERTIES
608 U.S. 200 · Docket 25-83
9–0Sotomayor
2026-05-14MONTGOMERY v. CARIBE TRANSPORT II, LLC
608 U.S. 219 · Docket 24-1238
9–0Barrett
2026-04-29FIRST CHOICE WOMEN’S RESOURCE CENTERS v. DAVENPORT
· Docket 24-781
9–0Gorsuch
2026-04-29LOUISIANA v. CALLAIS
· Docket 24-109
6–3Alito
2026-04-22ENBRIDGE ENERGY, LP v. NESSEL
608 U.S. 67 · Docket 24-783
9–0Sotomayor
2026-04-22HENCELY v. FLUOR CORPORATION
608 U.S. 31 · Docket 24-924
6–3Thomas
2026-04-20DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA v. R.W.
608 U.S. 22 · Docket 25-248
7–2Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-04-17CHEVRON USA INC. v. PLAQUEMINES PARISH, LOUISIANA
608 U.S. 1 · Docket 24-813
8–0Thomas
2026-03-31CHILES v. SALAZAR
607 U.S. 627 · Docket 24-539
8–1Gorsuch
2026-03-25COX COMMUNICATIONS v. SONY MUSIC ENTM'T
607 U.S. 583 · Docket 24-171
9–0Thomas
2026-03-25RICO v. UNITED STATES
607 U.S. 609 · Docket 24-1056
8–1Gorsuch
2026-03-23ZORN v. LINTON
607 U.S. 568 · Docket 25-297
6–3Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-03-20OLIVIER v. CITY OF BRANDON, MISSISSIPPI
607 U.S. 552 · Docket 24-993
9–0Kagan
2026-03-04GALETTE v. NEW JERSEY TRANSIT CORPORATION
607 U.S. 509 · Docket 24-1021
9–0Sotomayor
2026-03-04URIAS-ORELLANA v. BONDI
607 U.S. 537 · Docket 24-777
9–0Jackson
2026-02-25THE GEO GROUP v. MENOCAL
607 U.S. 438 · Docket 24-758
9–0Kagan
2026-02-25VILLARREAL v. TEXAS
607 U.S. 465 · Docket 24-557
9–0Jackson
2026-02-24THE HAIN CELESTIAL GROUP v. PALMQUIST
607 U.S. 421 · Docket 24-724
9–0Sotomayor
2026-02-24U.S. POSTAL SERVICE v. KONAN
607 U.S. 391 · Docket 24-351
5–4Thomas
2026-02-20LEARNING RESOURCES v. TRUMP
607 U.S. 229 · Docket 24-1287
6–3Roberts
2026-01-26KLEIN v. MARTIN
607 U.S. 213 · Docket 25-51
8–1Unsigned (per curiam) or not listed
2026-01-20BERK v. CHOY
607 U.S. 187 · Docket 24-440
9–0Barrett
2026-01-20CONEY ISLAND AUTO PARTS UNLIMITED, INC. v. BURTON
607 U.S. 155 · Docket 24-808
9–0Alito
2026-01-20ELLINGBURG v. UNITED STATES
607 U.S. 163 · Docket 24-482
9–0Kavanaugh
2026-01-14BARRETT v. UNITED STATES
607 U.S. 128 · Docket 24-5774
9–0Jackson

Links go to the case's page on Oyez. Case votes: Supreme Court Database (SCDB_2026_01, covering terms 1946-2025; this site uses 1985–2025) plus the Oyez API for newer terms (October Term 2026: Oyez lists 31 cases, 0 decided so far). Ideology: Martin-Quinn scores through the 2024 term.